Category: MRSA

Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria: A Catastrophic Threat

We turn on the news and see constant reports of nations fighting with other nations. But recently, the threat of antibiotic resistance is finally being recognized by world leaders for the major threat that it is; a “nightmare” as the director of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control recently called it.

A “catastrophic threat as serious as terrorism,” was how Sally Davies, the U.K.’s Chief Medical Officer, described the urgency of the situation in a report that was recently released on antibiotic resistance. In an interview, she warned of the grim circumstances we will face unless we act urgently, where healthcare will be similar to that of the early 19th century; a place where minor and routine surgeries will become life-threatening.

Pic Via WikiComons

Professor Dame Sally Davies, the U.K.'s chief medical officer.

The lengthy report, co-written by U.K. researchers and representatives of the U.K.’s Health Protection Agency, attributes resistance almost entirely to antibiotics.

Antibiotic resistance poses a catastrophic threat to medicine and could mean patients having minor surgery risk dying from infections that can no longer be treated.

Antibiotics have typically been used as prophylaxis to prevent healthcare-associated infections in patients undergoing routine hip-replacement surgeries since the advent of the procedure. In a recent article, it was investigated how dramatic of an impact the removal of antibiotics would have on the population of patients undergoing routine hip-replacement surgery. It was found that with the removal of antibiotics, postoperative infection rates would increase by up to 50% and deaths by up to 30%.

In other words, just as the largest and most athletic generation history has ever seen would be reaching the age where such surgery is needed, approximately one-sixth of individuals undergoing the routine procedure might die if antibiotic resistance continues to go unchecked.

Over the past two decades, antibiotics have undergone what is known as a “discovery void,” meaning that diseases have evolved faster than the drugs used to treat them. There are several things that can be done to help in the fight against antibiotic resistance, including increased surveillance to keep track of resistant superbugs, proper use of antibiotics, putting more of a focus on the development of new antibiotics, and engaging in the prevention of infections.

It is going to take a collaborative effort to curb antibiotic resistance. Society needs to become more aware of the serious threat of infections and antibiotic resistance. It astonishes me how few people still recognize how serious of a problem these things are. People need to know that antibiotics won’t help with the common cold; by hounding your doctor for a prescription, you are essentially contributing to antibiotic resistance. We need to be aware of the lessons others learned the hard way—like how I lost my father to these preventable superbugs—so that we can pave the way for a safer future.

We’re living in a world consumed by blockbuster zombie thrillers, terrorism, and nuclear threats, but the fact of the matter is that antibiotic resistance is something that we need to worry about here and now. These resistant microbes truly pose a catastrophic treat, as they do not discriminate upon race, religion, country of birth, or any such distinguishing factor we as human beings many impose upon one another.

What Happens When Your Food Is More Medicated Than You Are?

Got a cold? Forget Z-Pack, eat a hamburger.

According to an infographic created by Pew Charitable Trusts, human antibiotic use has leveled off at 7.7 million pounds, while antibiotics sold for meat and poultry products has reached a record level of 29.9 pounds in 2011. That’s almost four times as much.

Translation: nearly four-fifths of antibiotics used in the U.S. are being routed into the livestock industry, Mother Jones reported.

The infographic is based on the latest data released by the FDA in 2011.

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MRSA Superbug Found In 20% of Dental Students

Bacteria are everywhere. This may creep out the Purell enthusiasts among you, but there’s just no other way to put it. Bacteria live in your food, they crawl over subway poles, Starbucks tables, and, unless you Cloroxed it in the last two minutes, your kitchen counter. They even live inside you.

There are good and bad kinds of bacteria. Good bacteria are the kinds that live in your non-fat Greek yogurt. Bad bacteria are the kind that makes you sick.

Staphylococcus aureus is a staph bacterium commonly found in the nose. In certain cases, certain strains become resistant to antibiotics, resulting in Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). This is like the Darth Vader of infections. You do not want to get it, especially if you’re a patient about to get surgery. In fact, MRSA is commonly found in hospitals, a study found that 1 in 3 nurse bags carry this deadly superbug. Read More

Putting the Spotlight On Superbug Infection – C Difficile

Despite knowing the gory, textbook details about c. difficile— its resistance to most antibiotics… its potentially deadly consequences— the first time I met someone who was severely affected by it, I was a little shocked.  Waiting for the bus, one day, I noticed a man in a very bad mood.  Making a visible effort to control his pain, he seemed to be suffering from one of the usual ailments that affect the elderly— such as arthritis or heart disease.  After striking up a brief conversation, though, he told me about his experience with c. difficile and how a single course of antibiotics changed his life forever. His story began in the early 2000s, when he developed a c. difficile superbug infection after being treated for pneumonia.  Pointing to the colostomy bag on his hip, he told me how he needed to have the majority of his large intestine removed to survive.  Despite all this, his biggest concern was trying to prevent the same thing from happening to others.  With over 14 000 c. difficile-related deaths in the US last year, it’s likely a sentiment that many people share.  Fortunately newer technologies may be able to help to shine the light on antibiotic resistant c. difficile.

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Detecting Infection In Babies Before It Even Occurs

Technology is being developed in Toronto’s Hospital for Sick Children to detect infections in premature babies before they even occur. This extremely sensitive monitoring system alerts the physician if a life-threatening infection in the baby could occur, before they show any outward detectable signs. It pulls its indications from tell-tale changes in the baby’s heart rate, body temperature, respiratory rate, and blood pressure up to 24 hours before the infection really takes hold. This allows time for the physician to take measures to prevent the infection from occurring in the first place.

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How Far Would You Go To Cure A C. Difficile Infection: Fecal Transplant?

How far would you go to cure a C. diff infection? For those who have experienced the suffering associated with such infections, the answer is probably as far as possible. This question brings light to an increasingly promising, yet somewhat controversial treatment for C. diff: the fecal transplant. Just as the name suggests, this treatment utilizes healthy stool from a donor to restore the bacterial balance in the C.diff patient’s G.I. tract. As unappealing as this treatment might sound, it appears to be highly effective.

A recent study investigating the public perception of the treatment suggests that while most individuals do view the treatment as rather off-putting, most would utilize the procedure if necessary. This is especially true in cases where the procedure is recommended by the patient’s doctor. This small study is helping researchers to better understand the reasons behind some doctors’ refusal to utilize fecal transplants as a treatment method. Such doctors generally blame the patient’s own refusal to undergo the procedure as the main reason for not embracing the option. Read More

Things are Finally Looking Up for Flesh-Eating Bacteria Survivor Aimee Copeland

After a terrifying ordeal with the flesh-eating disease and an intensive, three month rehabilitation, we’re happy to report that Aimee Copeland is back—and stronger than ever.  Appearing recently in a talk show interview, the plucky, 24 year old grad student had a chance to speak about her near death struggle with Aeromonas hydrophila—the common waterborne bacterium that took both of her hands, feet and right leg.

Some readers may remember that Aimee’s troubles began after suffering a zip-line laceration that required more than 20 staples to close.  Unbeknownst to anyone at the time, the wound was contaminated with Aeromonas hydrophilia— an organism common in brackish waters of the Tallapoosa river, near where Aimee was swimming.  Before anything could be done, the infection had already begun to take root and within three days time, Aimee knew something was very wrong.   “My entire leg was a dark purple colour.  I wasn’t able to walk. I wasn’t able to speak. The only thing I was able to babble was, ‘I think I’m dying.”

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Hopes Are Up As MRSA Related Deaths Go Down

According to the latest news from The Guardian, death certificates mentioning MRSA have fallen steadily in the past 5 years. The UK, known for its accurate and thorough reporting, has crunched us the facts to reveal patterns of decline, as noted in the graph below. In 2010, there were 485 reported deaths from MRSA – or methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus – whereas 2011 counted only 364, as released by the Office for National Statistics. The antibiotic resistant bacteria MRSA has in recent years been repeatedly targeted by government policies, and the attention has not gone unnoticed. A Welsh government spokesperson stressed the effort being made to lighten the bug’s yearly blow: “We will work with healthcare organisations to ensure that they have robust, sustainable infection prevention and control measures in place and that staff have the skills, knowledge and resources to provide care in a safe environment.” Just miles away, Simon Burns, England’s Health Minister praised that “The news that MRSA deaths are lower than at any point in the last 15 years is a testament to the hard work and dedication of NHS staff across the country.” Read More

MRSA Infections Kill More People Each Year Than AIDS

For the many lives impacted by MRSA each year, it often comes as a bit of a shock to learn that MRSA infections kill more people annually in the United States than AIDS.  I personally found this shocking because I had heard so much about AIDS in school and in the media throughout my life, yet I had heard so little about MRSA when my dad died because of it in 2008. While approximately 18,000 individuals succumb to AIDS each year in the United States, another 18,650 lose their lives to MRSA infections.

MRSA is a term used to describe the several stains of Staphylococcus aureus that have become resistant to certain antibiotic treatments, meaning that they are harder to treat and especially threatening for individuals with compromised immune systems. MRSA is a common healthcare-associated infection, an infection acquired while receiving medical care, and is also a common cause of sepsis if allowed to enter the bloodstream. Read More

Bubble Trouble in Hospitals: Children’s Toy Found To Contain Deadly Bugs

Children, although wild and carefree, are fragile beings who tend to be very susceptible to bacteria and infections. Upon arrival at hospitals, children are given bubble solutions to calm their nerves. Ironically, a study found that these bubble solutions, given to children to make them feel at ease, are a possible source of nasty and serious infections. We often try to protect our children from bacteria found on money, shopping carts, toilet seats, and door handles; therefore, the fact that harmful bacteria can be found in something given to our children at a hospital – a place where they should be safe – is rather alarming.

Usually scared, nervous, and uncooperative, children are given bubble solutions for therapeutic play to calm their nerves. These bubble solutions create supposedly create bubbles that float effortlessly through the air: who doesn’t like bubbles? A study conducted by Dr. Valsan Verghese, from Edmonton, proves that these solutions can be dangerous to our kids. In the study, which was presented at the AAMI-CACMID microbiology conference this year, seven separate bubble solutions were cultured on blood (BAP), MacConkey and Phytone agars. The solutions with positive growth were subcultured for identification, then five new bottles of the same solution were acquired and cultured for further confirmation. Also, the Hospital Infection Control database was cross-referenced for healthcare-associated infection due to the agents isolated.

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